Research on inertia evaluation method for power system based on electromechanical response characteristics

Inertia estimation is a fundamental step to maintain the stable operation of the power system with new energy sources connected to the grid. The estimation results can effectively assist in determining the safety status of the system and provide guidance for optimizing the inertia configuration of the power system. This paper proposes a data-driven regional effective inertia estimation method, analyzes the coupling relationship between electromechanical response characteristics in the frequency domain and system inertia, and derives an inertia estimation model based on electromechanical response characteristics. Using the random subspace algorithm to extract electromechanical response characteristics for calculating system inertia, and adopting threshold methods to avoid numerical singular problems, this method has good identification accuracy and practicability. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified in a single-machine infinite bus system and IEEE 4-machine 2-area system using time-domain simulation data provided by Digsilent software.